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A fundament to the waste hierarchy concept is known as 'Lansink's Ladder', named after the Member of the Dutch Parliament who proposed it in 1979 to be incorporated into Dutch policy in 1993. [ 9 ] In 1989, it was formalized into a hierarchy of management options in the European Commission's Community Strategy for Waste Management and this ...
Glass phial of British Standard penicillin. The history of penicillin follows observations and discoveries of evidence of antibiotic activity of the mould Penicillium that led to the development of penicillins that became the first widely used antibiotics. Following the production of a relatively pure compound in 1942, penicillin was the first ...
Directive 2008/98/EC European Union directive Title Waste Framework Directive Made by European Parliament & Council Made under Article 175(1) Journal reference History Date made 19 November 2008 Entry into force 12 December 2008 Other legislation Replaces 75/439/EEC, 75/442/EEC, 91/156/EEC, 91/689/EEC and 2006/12/EC Current legislation The Waste Framework Directive (WFD) is a European Union ...
The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of end waste; see: resource recovery. [16] [17] The waste hierarchy is represented as a pyramid because the basic premise is that policies should promote measures to prevent the generation of waste. The next step or ...
Downstream processing refers to the recovery and the purification of biosynthetic products, particularly pharmaceuticals, from natural sources such as animal tissue, plant tissue or fermentation broth, including the recycling of salvageable components as well as the proper treatment and disposal of waste.
Food poisoning, also known as foodborne illness, is a common sickness caused by swallowing food or liquids that contain harmful bacteria, viruses or parasites, and sometimes even chemicals.
A customer looks at refrigerated items at a Grocery Outlet store in Pleasanton, Calif.,. on Thursday, Sept. 15, 2022. "Best before” labels are coming under scrutiny as concerns about food waste ...
Waste exchanges represent another way of reducing waste disposal volumes for waste that cannot be eliminated. Ship to point of use This involves making deliveries of incoming raw materials or components direct to the point where they are assembled or used in the manufacturing process to minimise handling and the use of protective wrappings or ...