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Other common names for the plant include pale smartweed, curlytop knotweed, and willow weed. It is a species complex made up of a great many varying forms, sometimes considered varieties. The environment also has a strong influence on the morphology of an individual plant.
Swamp smartweed is quite variable and is sometimes divided into several varieties, some of which may be better treated as species in their own right. [2] In general, swamp smartweed is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing upright or erect and approaching a maximum height of one meter (40 inches). Roots may emerge from nodes on the lower stem.
Persicaria is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae. Plants of the genus are known commonly as knotweeds [2]: 436 or smartweeds. [3] It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species occurring nearly worldwide. [3] [4] The genus was segregated from Polygonum. [5]
Persicaria hydropiper (syn. Polygonum hydropiper), also known as water pepper, marshpepper knotweed, arse smart [2] or tade, is a plant of the family Polygonaceae.A widespread species, Persicaria hydropiper is found in Australia, New Zealand, temperate Asia, Europe and North America.
Persicaria longiseta is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family known by the common names Oriental lady's thumb, bristly lady's thumb, Asiatic smartweed, long-bristled smartweed, low smartweed, Asiatic waterpepper, bristled knotweed, bunchy knotweed, and tufted knotweed.
Persicaria virginiana, also called jumpseed, [2] Virginia knotweed or woodland knotweed [3] is a North American species of smartweed within the buckwheat family. It is unusual as a shade-tolerant member of a mostly sun-loving genus. Jumpseed is a perennial, named for its seeds which can "jump" several feet when a ripe seedpod is disturbed.
Persicaria amphibia (syn. Polygonum amphibium) is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family known by several common names, including longroot smartweed, water knotweed, water smartweed, and amphibious bistort.
Persicaria maculosa (syn. Polygonum persicaria) is an annual plant in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae. Common names include lady's thumb, [4] spotted lady's thumb, Jesusplant, and redshank. [5] [6] It is widespread across Eurasia from Iceland south to Portugal and east to Japan.