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To calculate a percentage of a percentage, convert both percentages to fractions of 100, or to decimals, and multiply them. For example, 50% of 40% is: 50 / 100 × 40 / 100 = 0.50 × 0.40 = 0.20 = 20 / 100 = 20%. It is not correct to divide by 100 and use the percent sign at the same time; it would literally imply ...
As an example, suppose that 30% of widgets made in a factory are defective. Six months later, 20% of widgets are defective. The percentage change is 20% − 30% / 30% = − 1 / 3 = −33 + 1 / 3 %, while the percentage point change is −10 percentage points.
A decimal separator is a symbol that separates the integer part from the fractional part of a number written in decimal form. Different countries officially designate different symbols for use as the separator. The choice of symbol also affects the choice of symbol for the thousands separator used in digit grouping.
If a non-repeating set of decimals precede the pattern (such as 0.1523 987), one may write the number as the sum of the non-repeating and repeating parts, respectively: 0.1523 + 0.0000 987. Then, convert both parts to fractions, and add them using the methods described above: 1523 / 10000 + 987 / 9990000 = 1522464 / 9990000
Fractions such as 1 ⁄ 3 are displayed as decimal approximations, for example rounded to 0.33333333. Also, some fractions (such as 1 ⁄ 7, which is 0.14285714285714; to 14 significant figures) can be difficult to recognize in decimal form; as a result, many scientific calculators are able to work in vulgar fractions or mixed numbers.
English style guides prescribe writing the percent sign following the number without any space between (e.g. 50%). [sources 1] However, the International System of Units and ISO 31-0 standard prescribe a space between the number and percent sign, [8] [9] [10] in line with the general practice of using a non-breaking space between a numerical value and its corresponding unit of measurement.
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The hyphen-minus symbol (-) is the form of hyphen most commonly used in digital documents. On most keyboards, it is the only character that resembles a minus sign or a dash so it is also used for these. [27] The name hyphen-minus derives from the original ASCII standard, [28] where it was called hyphen–(minus). [29]