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Biennio Rosso was a two-year period between 1919 and 1920. After the First World War, it had a great impact on Italian and European socialism, and there were a great number of intense social conflicts in Italy during that time. [1] During this period, conflicts between reformists and communist wings of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) occurred ...
A series of legal successors followed, including the Italian Socialists (1994–1998), [12] the Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007) and the Socialist Party (formed in 2007, it took the PSI name in October 2009) within the centre-left coalition, [4] and a string of minor parties and the New Italian Socialist Party (formed in 2001) within ...
The Old Guard faction was an organized group in the Socialist Party of America (SPA) that sought to retain the organization's traditional orientation towards electoral politics by fighting the Militant faction of generally-younger party members who factionally organized to promote greater efforts at direct action in advancing the cause of revolutionary socialism.
The movement arose in conjunction with the crisis of the extra-parliamentary organizations that led to social struggles in the years after the 1968, together with the so-called mass university: after the 1969 school reform, also young people from proletarian families could attend a university, which, until then, had been a privilege held almost exclusively by students from more affluent classes.
Also the establishment in Italy, after years of struggle, of the universal and public national health system in 1978 (where, moreover, Enrico's brother, Giovanni Berlinguer, played an important role) it was hailed as a step forward on the Italian road to socialism. [6] [8] On the Italian road to socialism, Berlinguer's PCI looked with great ...
During the 1919 elections, the Fascists had attempted to court the socialist-left while publicly dubbing himself the “Lenin of Italy”, [13] attempting to “out-socialist the socialists”, [14] which resulted in an election where the socialists garnished “forty times as many votes.” [15] This devastating and humiliating election defeat pushed Mussolini towards finding other populist ...
1922: Giolitti's Liberals, conservative liberals and remnants of the Historical Right (by then called Liberal Conservatives) form the Italian Liberal Party (PLI). 1924: Giolitti's Liberals are integrated in the Fascist -dominated National List in the 1924 general election , while anti-fascist liberals form the National Union (UN).
Criticism of socialism is any critique of socialist economics and socialist models of organization and their feasibility, as well as the political and social implications of adopting such a system. Some critiques are not necessarily directed toward socialism as a system but rather toward the socialist movement , parties , or existing states .