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Parvoviruses are among the smallest viruses (hence the name, from Latin parvus meaning small) and are 18–28 nm in diameter. [16] Parvoviruses can cause disease in some animals, including starfish and humans. Because the viruses require actively dividing cells to replicate, the type of tissue infected varies with the age of the animal.
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus which causes enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle. It is closely related to the human T‑lymphotropic virus type 1 ( HTLV-I ). BLV may integrate into the genomic DNA of B‑lymphocytes as a DNA intermediate (the provirus ), or exist as unintegrated circular or linear forms. [ 2 ]
In many cases, tumor viruses do not cause cancer in their native hosts but only in dead-end species. For example, adenoviruses do not cause cancer in humans but are instead responsible for colds, conjunctivitis and other acute illnesses. They only become tumorigenic when infected into certain rodent species, such as Syrian hamsters.
Hemolytic anemia* is a type of regenerative anemia found in dogs characterized by destruction of the red blood cell. The most important type is immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, which can be a primary disease or secondary to cancer, infection, drugs, or vaccinations. Antibodies are present on the cell surface, leading to lysis and severe anemia.
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutant 1716 lacks both copies of the ICP34.5 gene, and as a result is no longer able to replicate in terminally differentiated and non-dividing cells but will infect and cause lysis very efficiently in cancer cells, and this has proved to be an effective tumour-targeting strategy.
Viral transformation is the change in growth, phenotype, or indefinite reproduction of cells caused by the introduction of inheritable material. Through this process, a virus causes harmful transformations of an in vivo cell or cell culture. The term can also be understood as DNA transfection using a viral vector. Figure 1: Hepatitis-B virions
The src gene is oncogenic as it triggers uncontrolled growth in abnormal host cells. It was the first retroviral oncogene to be discovered. [9] It is an acquired gene, found to be present throughout the animal kingdom with high levels of conservation between species.
Bovine herpesvirus 2 - Causes bovine mammillitis and pseudo-lumpyskin disease in cattle. Stub. Bovine malignant catarrhal fever - Caused by alcephaline herpesvirus-1. Canine herpesvirus - Causes a fatal hemorrhagic disease in puppies. Duck plague - Caused by duck herpesvirus 1. Stub. Equine herpesvirus 1 - Causes abortion in horses. This is an ...