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Parvoviruses are among the smallest viruses (hence the name, from Latin parvus meaning small) and are 18–28 nm in diameter. [16] Parvoviruses can cause disease in some animals, including starfish and humans. Because the viruses require actively dividing cells to replicate, the type of tissue infected varies with the age of the animal.
Hemolytic anemia* is a type of regenerative anemia found in dogs characterized by destruction of the red blood cell. The most important type is immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, which can be a primary disease or secondary to cancer, infection, drugs, or vaccinations. Antibodies are present on the cell surface, leading to lysis and severe anemia.
It was suggested that such types of viruses could cause cancer by introducing new genes into the genome. Genetic analysis of mice infected with Friend virus confirmed that retroviral integration could disrupt tumor suppressor genes, causing cancer. [51] Viral oncogenes were subsequently discovered and identified to cause cancer.
Mast cell tumors are the most common type of skin cancer in canines. [1] Lymphoma; Prostate cancer; Brain cancer; Hemangiosarcoma is a type of cancer that is common in dogs. [5] Hemangiosarcomas form from the cells lining blood vessels (endothelial cells) and can occur all over the body.
Feline foamy virus; Feline immunodeficiency virus; Feline infectious peritonitis; Feline leukemia virus; Carnivore protoparvovirus 1; Feline viral rhinotracheitis; Filoviridae; Foot-and-mouth disease; Foot-and-mouth disease virus; Fowlpox
It is one of only three known transmissible cancers in mammals; the others are devil facial tumor disease, a cancer which occurs in Tasmanian devils, and contagious reticulum cell sarcoma of the Syrian hamster. The tumor cells are themselves the infectious agents, and the tumors that form are not genetically related to the host dog. [1]
Cancer cells and virus-infected cells have similar alterations in their cell signalling pathways, particularly those that govern progression through the cell cycle. [84] A viral gene whose function is to alter a pathway is dispensable in cells where the pathway is defective, but not in cells where the pathway is active. [citation needed]
Mast cell tumor on lip of a dog. Veterinary oncology is a subspecialty of veterinary medicine that deals with cancer diagnosis and treatment in animals. Cancer is a major cause of death in pet animals. In one study, 45% of the dogs that reached 10 years of age or older died of cancer. [1]