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Thiamazole, also known as methimazole, is a medication used to treat hyperthyroidism. [2] This includes Graves disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and thyrotoxic crisis. [2] It is taken by mouth. [2] Full effects may take a few weeks to occur. [3] Common side effects include itchiness, hair loss, nausea, muscle pain, swelling, and abdominal ...
A randomized control trial testing single dose treatment for Graves' found methimazole achieved euthyroidism (normal thyroid function that occurs within normal serum levels of TSH and T4 [23]) more effectively after 12 weeks than did propylthiouracil (77.1% on methimazole 15 mg vs 19.4% in the propylthiouracil 150 mg groups). [24]
A metered-dose transdermal spray (MDTS) delivers a drug to the surface of the skin and is absorbed into the circulation on a sustained basis. It works in a similar manner to a transdermal patch or topical gel. The drug is delivered by a device placed gently against the skin and triggered, causing it to release a light spray containing a ...
Transdermal is a route of administration wherein active ingredients are delivered across the skin for systemic distribution. Examples include transdermal patches used for medicine delivery. The drug is administered in the form of a patch or ointment that delivers the drug into the circulation for systemic effect.
The amount of topical drug molecules being delivered to the skin is affected solely by the physicochemical properties of the topical drug. [1] The first factor is the weight of the drug molecule. The smaller of the drug molecular weight or particle size, the higher rate of its diffusion and absorption into the skin.
Transdermal scopolamine is commonly used as a treatment for motion sickness. [8] The anti-hypertensive drug clonidine is available in transdermal patch form. [9] Emsam, a transdermal form of the MAOI selegiline, became the first transdermal delivery agent for an antidepressant approved for use in the U.S. in March 2006. [10]
Carbimazole is a pro-drug as after absorption it is converted to the active form, methimazole. Methimazole prevents thyroid peroxidase enzyme from iodinating and coupling the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, hence reducing the production of the thyroid hormones T 3 and T 4 . It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
[5] [9] Usage of the sustained release dosage form reduces the administration of recurrent doses while maintaining serum dose levels at the therapeutic range (difference between toxic and therapeutic doses), hence improving patient compliance. [5] Some topical gels are fast release gels, which are highly absorbent and can swell rapidly. [5]
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