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Children often worked the same 12-hour shifts as adults, but they could work shifts as long as 14 hours. [2] [3] [4] By the 1820s, 50% of English workers were under the age of 20. [1] [5] Children were the cheapest labour at the time. A child worker was 80% cheaper than a man and 50% cheaper than a woman. [2]
Many factors played a role in Britain's long-term economic growth, such as the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s and the prominent presence of child labour during the industrial age. [95] Children who worked at an early age were often not forced; but did so because they needed to help their family survive financially.
Child labour existed before the Industrial Revolution, but with the increase in population and education it became more visible. Many children were forced to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders, [ 168 ] 10–20% of an adult male's wage.
The 'labour clauses' forming the other half of the bill were essentially a revival of Fox Maule's draft; children could work only in the morning or in the afternoon, but not both. There were two significant differences; the working day for children was reduced to six and a half hours, and the minimum age for factory work would be reduced to eight.
Child labour increased during the Industrial Revolution due to the children's abilities to access smaller spaces and the ability to pay children less wages. In 1839 Prussia was the first country to pass laws restricting child labor in factories and setting the number of hours a child could work, [ 1 ] although a child labour law was passed was ...
The movement to abolish child labor had been overwhelmingly led by white reformers since the 1870s, when the growing problem of poor white children working in Southern textile mills launched the ...
Federal protection of some child workers finally arrived with passage of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act as part of the New Deal. Unlike earlier legislation, it was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court.
The Wages and Hours (later Fair Labor Standards) Act is passed, banning child labor and setting the 40-hour work week. [40] The Act went into effect in October 1940, and was upheld in the Supreme Court on 3 February 1941. 1939 (United States) Chrysler Auto Strike occurred. [40] Flint Sit-Down Strike window 1939 (United States)