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In logic, proof by contradiction is a form of proof that establishes the truth or the validity of a proposition by showing that assuming the proposition to be false leads to a contradiction. Although it is quite freely used in mathematical proofs, not every school of mathematical thought accepts this kind of nonconstructive proof as universally ...
Hilbert's 1927, Based on an earlier 1925 "foundations" lecture (pp. 367–392), presents his 17 axioms—axioms of implication #1-4, axioms about & and V #5-10, axioms of negation #11-12, his logical ε-axiom #13, axioms of equality #14-15, and axioms of number #16-17—along with the other necessary elements of his Formalist "proof theory"—e ...
This is a list of mathematical logic topics. For traditional syllogistic logic, see the list of topics in logic . See also the list of computability and complexity topics for more theory of algorithms .
Jankov logic (KC) is an extension of intuitionistic logic, which can be axiomatized by the intuitionistic axiom system plus the axiom [13] ¬ A ∨ ¬ ¬ A . {\displaystyle \neg A\lor \neg \neg A.} Gödel–Dummett logic (LC) can be axiomatized over intuitionistic logic by adding the axiom [ 13 ]
Fitch notation, also known as Fitch diagrams (named after Frederic Fitch), is a notational system for constructing formal proofs used in sentential logics and predicate logics. Fitch-style proofs arrange the sequence of sentences that make up the proof into rows.
Print/export Download as PDF; ... Being an element: Template Symbol/ result Term with wikilink {} ... templates for logic symbols.
This is a list of notable theorems. Lists of theorems and similar statements include: List of algebras; List of algorithms; List of axioms; List of conjectures; List of data structures; List of derivatives and integrals in alternative calculi; List of equations; List of fundamental theorems; List of hypotheses; List of inequalities; Lists of ...
In logic and mathematics, a formal proof or derivation is a finite sequence of sentences (known as well-formed formulas when relating to formal language), each of which is an axiom, an assumption, or follows from the preceding sentences in the sequence, according to the rule of inference.