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  2. ping (networking utility) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ping_(networking_utility)

    ping is a computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It is available for virtually all operating systems that have networking capability, including most embedded network administration software. Ping measures the round-trip time for messages sent from the ...

  3. MTR (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTR_(software)

    MTR is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) and works under modern Unix-like operating systems. It normally works under the text console, but it also has an optional GTK+ -based graphical user interface (GUI). MTR relies on Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Time Exceeded (type 11, code 0) packets coming back ...

  4. MAC address - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address

    A MAC address (short for medium access control address) is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network segment. This use is common in most IEEE 802 networking technologies, including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. Within the Open Systems Interconnection ...

  5. Internet Control Message Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message...

    The ICMP header starts after the IPv4 header and is identified by its protocol number, 1. [6] All ICMP packets have an eight-byte header and variable-sized data section. The first four bytes of the header have fixed format, while the last four bytes depend on the type and code of the ICMP packet.

  6. Ethernet frame - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_frame

    An Ethernet packet starts with a seven-octet (56-bit) preamble and one-octet (8-bit) start frame delimiter (SFD). [d] The preamble bit values alternate 1 and 0, allowing receivers to synchronize their clock at the bit-level with the transmitter. The preamble is followed by the SFD which ends with a 1 instead of 0, to break the bit pattern of ...

  7. arping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arping

    arping is a computer software tool for discovering and probing hosts on a computer network.Arping probes hosts on the examined network link by sending link layer frames using the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request method addressed to a host identified by its MAC address of the network interface. [1]

  8. Address Resolution Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol

    To send the message, it also requires Computer 2 ' s MAC address. First, Computer 1 uses a cached ARP table to look up 192.168.0.55 for any existing records of Computer 2's MAC address (00:EB:24:B2:05:AC). If the MAC address is found, it sends an Ethernet frame containing the IP packet onto the link with the destination address 00:EB:24:B2:05:AC.

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    mail.aol.com

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