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Research. Research ethics is a discipline within the study of applied ethics. Its scope ranges from general scientific integrity and misconduct to the treatment of human and animal subjects. The societal responsibilities that science and research have are not traditionally included and are less well defined. [1]
The term bioethics (Greek bios, "life"; ethos, "moral nature, behavior" [1]) was coined in 1927 by Fritz Jahr in an article about a "bioethical imperative" regarding the use of animals and plants in scientific research. [2] In 1970, the American biochemist, and oncologist Van Rensselaer Potter used the term to describe the relationship between ...
The Belmont Report summarizes ethical principles and guidelines for human subject research. Three core principles are identified: respect for persons, Beneficence, and Justice. The three primary areas of application were stated as informed consent, assessment of risks and benefits, and selection of human subjects in research.
Ethical issues also arise about whether a person has the right to end their life in cases of terminal illness or chronic suffering and if doctors may help them do so. [148] Other topics in medical ethics include medical confidentiality, informed consent, research on human beings, organ transplantation, and access to healthcare. [146]
Outline of ethics. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ethics. Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. [1] The field of ethics, along with aesthetics, concern matters of value, and thus ...
In philosophy and neuroscience, neuroethics is the study of both the ethics of neuroscience and the neuroscience of ethics. [1] [2] The ethics of neuroscience concerns the ethical, legal, and social impact of neuroscience, including the ways in which neurotechnology can be used to predict or alter human behavior and "the implications of our mechanistic understanding of brain function for ...
Today, moral psychology is a thriving area of research spanning many disciplines, [8] with major bodies of research on the biological, [9] [10] cognitive/computational [11] [12] [13] and cultural [14] [15] basis of moral judgment and behavior, and a growing body of research on moral judgment in the context of artificial intelligence. [16] [17]
Machine ethics. Machine ethics (or machine morality) is the field of research concerned with designing Artificial Moral Agents (AMAs), robots or artificially intelligent computers that behave morally or as though moral. [2][3][4][5] To account for the nature of these agents, it has been suggested to consider certain philosophical ideas, like ...