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2. Air source heat pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_source_heat_pump

   An air source heat pump (ASHP) is a heat pump that can absorb heat from air outside a building and release it inside; it uses the same vapor-compression refrigeration process and much the same equipment as an air conditioner, but in the opposite direction. ASHPs are the most common type of heat pump and, usually being smaller, tend to be used ...

3. Heat pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump

   e. A heat pump is a device that consumes energy (usually electricity) to transfer heat from a cold heat sink to a hot heat sink. Specifically, the heat pump transfers thermal energy using a refrigeration cycle, cooling the cool space and warming the warm space. [1] In cold weather, a heat pump can move heat from the cool outdoors to warm a ...

4. Variable refrigerant flow - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_refrigerant_flow

   Variable refrigerant flow. Variable refrigerant flow (VRF), also known as variable refrigerant volume (VRV), is an HVAC technology invented by Daikin Industries, Ltd. in 1982. [1] Similar to ductless mini-split systems, VRFs use refrigerant as the primary cooling and heating medium, and are usually less complex than conventional chiller -based ...

5. Seasonal energy efficiency ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_energy_efficiency...

   In the United States, the efficiency of air conditioners is often rated by the seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) which is defined by the Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute, a trade association, in its 2008 standard AHRI 210/240, Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment. [1]

6. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and...

   Electrical heaters are often used as backup or supplemental heat for heat pump systems. The heat pump gained popularity in the 1950s in Japan and the United States. [14] Heat pumps can extract heat from various sources, such as environmental air, exhaust air from a building, or from the ground. Heat pumps transfer heat from outside the ...

7. Refrigerant - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerant

   Most used in 2020 for hydronic heat pumps in Europe and the United States in spite of high GWP. [53] Commonly used in automotive air conditioners prior to phase out which began in 2012. R-410A: 50% R-32 / 50% R-125 (pentafluoroethane) Between 2430 (R-32) and 6350 (R-125) > 677: Widely Used: Most used in split heat pumps / AC by 2018.

8. Applications of the Stirling engine - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_the...

   Applications of the Stirling engine. A desktop gamma Stirling engine. The working fluid in this engine is air. The hot heat exchange is the glass cylinder on the right, and the cold heat exchanger is the finned cylinder on the top. This engine uses a small alcohol burner (bottom right) as a heat source. Applications of the Stirling engine range ...

9. Heat pump and refrigeration cycle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump_and...

   e. Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [1]