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Etymology. The word "algebra" is derived from the Arabic word الجبر al-jabr, and this comes from the treatise written in the year 830 by the medieval Persian mathematician, Al-Khwārizmī, whose Arabic title, Kitāb al-muḫtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-ğabr wa-l-muqābala, can be translated as The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion ...
Al-Khwarizmi. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi[note 1] (Persian: محمد بن موسى خوارزمی; c. 780 – c. 850), or simply al-Khwarizmi, was a Khwarazm -born polymath who produced vastly influential Arabic-language works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography. Around 820 CE, he was appointed as the astronomer and head of the House of ...
Edward Kasner John von Neumann Carl Gustav Hempel. David Hilbert (/ ˈhɪlbərt /; [ 3 ]German: [ˈdaːvɪt ˈhɪlbɐt]; 23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician and philosopher of mathematics and one of the most influential mathematicians of his time.
René Descartes (/ deɪˈkɑːrt / day-KART or UK: / ˈdeɪkɑːrt / DAY-kart; French: [ʁəne dekaʁt] ⓘ; [ note 3 ][ 11 ] 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) [ 12 ][ 13 ]: 58 was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science. Mathematics was paramount ...
The history of mathematics deals with the origin of discoveries in mathematics and the mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. From 3000 BC the Mesopotamian states of Sumer, Akkad and ...
Alexander Anderson. Signature. François Viète (French: [fʁɑ̃swa vjɛt]; 1540 – 23 February 1603), known in Latin as Franciscus Vieta, was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to his innovative use of letters as parameters in equations.
Carl Friedrich Gauss. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (‹See Tfd› German: Gauß [kaʁl ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɡaʊs] ⓘ; [2][3] Latin: Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist who contributed to many fields in mathematics and science. He was director of the ...
He was also a populariser of mathematics and physics and wrote several books for the lay public. Among the specific topics he contributed to are the following: algebraic topology (a field that Poincaré virtually invented) the theory of analytic functions of several complex variables; the theory of abelian functions; algebraic geometry