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  2. Second-language acquisition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-language_acquisition

    Second-language acquisition (SLA), sometimes called second-language learning—otherwise referred to as L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process of learning a ...

  3. Theories of second-language acquisition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_second...

    The Bottleneck Hypothesis [23] suggests that certain linguistic features in second-language acquisition (SLA) act as a bottleneck, limiting the progression of learners in acquiring the full grammatical system of the target language. According to this hypothesis, functional morphology is the most challenging aspect for adult L2 learners to acquire.

  4. Outline of second-language acquisition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_second-language...

    Second-language acquisition – process by which people learn a second language. Second-language acquisition (often abbreviated to SLA) also refers to the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process. Second language refers to any language learned in addition to a person's first language, including the learning of third, fourth, and ...

  5. Language immersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_immersion

    Two-way immersion programs in the US promote L1 speakers of a language other than English to maintain that language as well as to teach English as a second language (ESL). [11] In addition, such programs allow L1 speakers of English to be immersed in a “foreign language acquisition environment.” [8]

  6. Comprehensible output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensible_output

    Another difficulty with CO is that pushing students to speak in a second language may be uncomfortable for them, raising the affective filter and thus hampering acquisition. When asked which aspects of foreign language learning caused them the most anxiety, students placed speaking in the foreign language at the top of the list. [5]

  7. Processability theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processability_theory

    Processability theory (PT) is a cognitive approach to second language acquisition that seeks to explain developmental schedules as well as learner variation. It is based on Levelt’s (1989) approach to language generation and is formally operationalized using Lexical-Functional Grammar (Bresnan 2001).

  8. Contrastive analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrastive_analysis

    Hence, more tailor-made language design can be adopted; examples include awareness raising teaching method and hierarchical learning teaching curriculum. Second language learning: Awareness raising is the major contribution of CA in second language learning. This includes CA's abilities to explain observed errors and to outline the differences ...

  9. Interaction hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_hypothesis

    In psycholinguistics, the interaction hypothesis is a theory of second-language acquisition which states that the development of language proficiency is promoted by face-to-face interaction and communication. [1] Its main focus is on the role of input, interaction, and output in second language acquisition. [2]