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When the cross-sectional area of a wire is doubled, the AWG will decrease by 3. (E.g. two 14 AWG wires have about the same cross-sectional area as a single 11 AWG wire.) This doubles the conductance. When the diameter of a solid round wire is doubled, the AWG will decrease by 6. (E.g. 1 mm diameter wire is ≈18 AWG, 2 mm diameter wire is ≈12 ...
For example, one common wire size used in the NEC has a conductor diameter of 0.5 inches, or 500 mils, and thus a cross-section of = circular mils, written as 250 kcmil or 250 MCM, which is the first size larger than 0000 AWG used within the NEC.
Comparison of SWG (red), AWG (blue) and IEC 60228 (black) wire gauge sizes from 0.03 to 200 mm² to scale on a 1 mm grid – in the SVG file, hover over a size to highlight it. In engineering applications, it is often most convenient to describe a wire in terms of its cross-section area, rather than its diameter, because the cross section is directly proportional to its strength and weight ...
Comparison of SWG (red), AWG (blue) and IEC 60228 (black) wire gauge sizes from 0.03 to 200 mm² to scale on a 1 mm grid – in the SVG file, hover over a size to highlight it The first attempt to adopt a geometrical system was made by Messrs Brown & Sharpe in 1855.
A table of the gauge numbers and wire diameters is shown below. [1] [2] The basis of the system is the thou (or mil in US English), or 0.001 in. Sizes are specified as wire diameters, stated in thou and tenths of a thou (mils and tenths). The wire diameter diminishes with increasing size number.
The wire is usually stranded copper wire, usually either 0.32, 0.20, or 0.13 mm 2 (22, 24, or 26 AWG). Finer and coarser pitch cables are also available. For instance, the high-speed ATA interface cable used for computer hard disk interfaces ULTRA-ATA has 0.025-inch (0.64-mm) pitch.
White: 14 AWG wire (2.08 mm 2) for 15-amp circuits Yellow: 12 AWG wire (3.31 mm 2) for 20-amp circuits Orange: 10 AWG wire (5.26 mm 2) for 30-amp circuits Black: 6 or 8 AWG wire (13.3 mm 2 or 8.37 mm 2) for 60- and 45-amp circuits, respectively Grey: usage for underground installations, designated as "underground feeder" (UF) cables [4]
In both those instances the white wire should be identified as being hot, usually with black tape inside junction boxes. The neutral wire is identified by gray or white insulated wire, perhaps using stripes or markings. With lamp cord wire the ribbed wire is the neutral, and the smooth wire is the hot. NEC 2008 400.22(f) allows surface marking ...
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