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In addition to about 75% SiO 2 and 8–12% B 2 O 3, these glasses contain up to 5% oxides of alkaline earth metal and alumina (Al 2 O 3). This is a subtype of slightly softer glasses, which have thermal expansions in the range (4.0–5.0) × 10 −6 K −1. [11] This is not to be confused with simple borosilicate glass-alumina composites. [12]
The calculation of glass properties allows "fine-tuning" of desired material characteristics, e.g., the refractive index. [1]The calculation of glass properties (glass modeling) is used to predict glass properties of interest or glass behavior under certain conditions (e.g., during production) without experimental investigation, based on past data and experience, with the intention to save ...
The Belcher Mosaic Glass Company’ first catalogue was published in 1886 and features a foreword written by stained glass designer Caryl Coleman, brother of American artist Charles Caryl Coleman. [10] In his writing, Coleman commends the use of glass in the decorative arts in the United States during the second half of the nineteenth century.
[3] The discovery of glass-ceramics is credited to a man named Donald Stookey, a renowned glass scientist who worked at Corning Inc. for 47 years. [4] [5] The first iteration stemmed from a glass material, Fotoform, which was also discovered by Stookey while he was searching for a photo-etch-able material to be used in television screens. [6]
Sodium silicate glass-to-glass bonding has the advantage that it is a low-temperature bonding technique, as opposed to fusion bonding. [21] It also requires less processing than glass-to-glass anodic bonding, [ 23 ] which requires an intermediate layer such as silicon nitride (SiN) to act as a diffusion barrier for sodium ions. [ 23 ]
Container glass is a type of glass for the production of glass containers, such as bottles, jars, drinkware, and bowls. Container glass stands in contrast to flat glass (used for windows , glass doors, transparent walls, windshields ) and glass fiber (used for thermal insulation , in fiberglass composites, and optical communication ).
Until the 16th century, window glass or other flat glass was generally cut from large discs (or rondels) of crown glass. Larger sheets of glass were made by blowing large cylinders which were cut open and flattened, then cut into panes. Most window glass in the early 19th century was made using the cylinder method. The 'cylinders' were 6 to 8 ...
A glass building facade. Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid.Because it is often transparent and chemically inert, glass has found widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in window panes, tableware, and optics.