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Particles finer than 0.1 μm (10 −7 m) in water remain continuously in motion due to electrostatic charge (often negative) which causes them to repel each other. [citation needed] Once their electrostatic charge is neutralized by the use of a coagulant chemical, the finer particles start to collide and agglomerate (collect together) under the influence of Van der Waals forces.
Sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3) is a typical example. Usually, in higher pH ranges, in addition to low ionic strength of solutions and domination of monovalent metal cations, the colloidal particles can be dispersed. [21] The additive that prevents the colloids from forming flocs is called a deflocculant.
They are thus often used as thickeners, emulsifiers, conditioners, clarifying agents, and even drag reducers. They are used in water treatment and for oil recovery. Many soaps, shampoos, and cosmetics incorporate polyelectrolytes. Furthermore, they are added to many foods and to concrete mixtures (superplasticizer).
Finings’ actions may be broadly categorized as either electrostatic, adsorbent, ionic, or enzymatic.. The electrostatic types comprise the vast majority; including all but activated carbon, fining yeast, PVPP, copper sulfate, pectinase and pectolase.
The film featured one of the first realistic portrayals of spaceflight and was overseen by rocket scientist Tsiolkovsky Soviet cinema developed a tradition of science fiction films, with directors like Pavel Klushantsev , Andrey Tarkovsky , Konstantin Lopushansky , Vladimir Tarasov , Richard Viktorov and Gennady Tischenko .
It is the largest Wikipedia written in any Slavic language, surpassing the Polish Wikipedia by 20% in terms of the number of articles and fivefold by the parameter of depth. [4] In addition, the Russian Wikipedia is the largest Wikipedia written in Cyrillic [5] or in a script other than the Latin script. In April 2016, the project had 3,377 ...
The Best Movie 3: Самый лучший фильм 3: Kirill Kuzin: Garik Kharlamov: Comedy: The Dry Valley: Sukhodol: Aleksandra Strelyanaya: Yana Esipovich, Oleg Garkusha: Drama [3] Faust: Фауст: Alexander Sokurov: Johannes Zeiler, Anton Adasinsky, Isolda Dychauk, Hanna Schygulla: Drama: The film won the Golden Lion at the 68th Venice ...
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