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Many benzodiazepines (including midazolam) have longer half-lives than flumazenil. Therefore, in cases of overdose, repeated doses of flumazenil may be required to prevent recurrent symptoms once the initial dose of flumazenil wears off. [citation needed] It is hepatically metabolised to inactive compounds which are excreted in the urine.
The most common symptoms of overdose include central nervous system (CNS) depression, impaired balance, ataxia, and slurred speech. Severe symptoms include coma and respiratory depression. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. There is an antidote, flumazenil, but its use is controversial. [2]
Midazolam infusions may induce tolerance and a withdrawal syndrome in a matter of days. The risk factors for dependence include dependent personality, use of a benzodiazepine that is short-acting, high potency and long-term use of benzodiazepines. Withdrawal symptoms from midazolam can range from insomnia and anxiety to seizures and psychosis.
Treatment of conditions that cause methemoglobinemia: Naloxone hydrochloride: Opioid overdose: N-acetylcysteine: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning Octreotide: Oral hypoglycemic agents Pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) When given with Atropine: Organophosphate insecticides, nerve agents, some poison mushrooms: Protamine sulfate: Heparin poisoning ...
Naloxone lasts up to 90 minutes, but once the medication wears off, a person could start to experience overdose symptoms again. Naloxone works on all opioids but not on other drugs, such as ...
Emergent Biosolutions' Narcan, the first nasal spray emergency treatment for opioid overdose, was approved by the FDA in 2015 as a prescription drug at a 4 mg dose.
This is the only treatment available which can reverse the long-term after effects of opioid addiction known as post acute withdrawal syndrome, which otherwise tends to produce symptoms such as depression and anxiety that may lead to eventual relapse.
As fentanyl overdose deaths rise unabated, California is at the forefront of the fight to reverse the grim trend. But organizations that distribute overdose reversal drugs worry that their ...