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The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples was a royal commission undertaken by the Government of Canada in 1991 to address issues of the Indigenous peoples of Canada. [151] It assessed past government policies toward Indigenous people, such as residential schools, and provided policy recommendations to the government. [ 152 ]
The native peoples of the Pacific coast also make totem poles, a trait attributed to other tribes as well. In 2000 a land claim was settled between the Nisga'a people of British Columbia and the provincial government, resulting in the return of over 2,000 square kilometres of land to the Nisga'a. Major ethnicities include the: Coast Salish peoples
Indigenous peoples identify their ethnicity with their First Nations group, as Inuit, or as Métis. "Canadian" was the most common ethnic or cultural origin reported in the 2021 census, reported alone or in combination with other origins by 5.67 million people or 15.6% of the total population. [9]
Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 25.4 million reported being White, representing 69.8 percent of the population. [2] [8] The indigenous population representing 5 percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4 percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3 percent from 2016 to 2021. [9]
Métis people in Canada are specific cultural communities who trace their descent to First Nations and European settlers, [40] primarily the French, in the early decades of the colonization of Canada. Métis peoples are recognized as one of Canada's Indigenous peoples under the Constitution Act of 1982, along with First Nations and Inuit.
Ethnographers commonly classify indigenous peoples of the Americas in the United States and Canada into ten geographical regions with shared cultural traits (called cultural areas). [133] The Canadian (in whole or in part) regions are Arctic , Subarctic , Northeast Woodlands , Plains , and Plateau .
First Nations usually refers to Indigenous peoples, for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area. In particular the term is commonly used for the First Nations in Canada and Indigenous Australians, or "Australian First Nations". First Nations, first nations, or first peoples may refer to:
While the first contact with Europeans and Indigenous peoples in Canada had occurred a century or more before, the first group of permanent settlers were the French, who founded the New France settlements, in present-day Quebec and Ontario; and Acadia, in present-day Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, during the early part of the 17th century. [22 ...