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Example Boolean circuit. The nodes are AND gates, the nodes are OR gates, and the nodes are NOT gates. In theoretical computer science, circuit complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory in which Boolean functions are classified according to the size or depth of the Boolean circuits that compute them.
Parity only depends on the number of ones and is therefore a symmetric Boolean function.. The n-variable parity function and its negation are the only Boolean functions for which all disjunctive normal forms have the maximal number of 2 n − 1 monomials of length n and all conjunctive normal forms have the maximal number of 2 n − 1 clauses of length n.
In computational complexity theory, CC (Comparator Circuits) is the complexity class containing decision problems which can be solved by comparator circuits of polynomial size. Comparator circuits are sorting networks in which each comparator gate is directed, each wire is initialized with an input variable, its negation, or a constant, and one ...
Indirect parity measurements coincide with the typical way we think of parity measurement as described above, by measuring an ancilla qubit to determine the parity of the input bits. Direct parity measurements differ from the previous type in that a common mode with the parities coupled to the qubits is measured, without the need for an ancilla ...
A digital comparator or magnitude comparator is a hardware electronic device that takes two numbers as input in binary form and determines whether one number is greater than, less than or equal to the other number. Comparators are used in central processing units (CPUs) and microcontrollers (MCUs). Examples of digital comparator include the ...
In most cases a comparator is implemented using a dedicated comparator IC, but op-amps may be used as an alternative. Comparator diagrams and op-amp diagrams use the same symbols. A simple comparator circuit made using an op-amp without feedback simply heavily amplifies the voltage difference between Vin and VREF and outputs the result as Vout.
Comparators are closely related to operational amplifiers, but a comparator is designed to operate with positive feedback and with its output saturated at one power rail or the other. If necessary, an op-amp can be pressed into service as a poorly performing comparator, but its slew rate will be impaired.
If the circuit C outputs A∧B for circuits A and B, join the branching programs that γ-compute A, δ-compute B, γ −1-compute A, and δ −1-compute B for a choice of 5-cycles γ and δ such that their commutator ε=γδγ −1 δ −1 is also a 5-cycle. (The existence of such elements was established in Lemma 2.)