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In Excel and Word 95 and prior editions a weak protection algorithm is used that converts a password to a 16-bit verifier and a 16-byte XOR obfuscation array [1] key. [4] Hacking software is now readily available to find a 16-byte key and decrypt the password-protected document. [5] Office 97, 2000, XP and 2003 use RC4 with 40 bits. [4]
Besides differences in the schema, there are several other differences between the earlier Office XML schema formats and Office Open XML. Whereas the data in Office Open XML documents is stored in multiple parts and compressed in a ZIP file conforming to the Open Packaging Conventions, Microsoft Office XML formats are stored as plain single monolithic XML files (making them quite large ...
Origin Workbook with sparklines above data columns; this allows a quick glance of the data without plotting them. Origin is primarily a GUI software with a spreadsheet front end. Unlike popular spreadsheets like Excel, Origin's worksheet is column oriented. Each column has associated attributes like name, units and other user definable labels.
The Coca-Cola formula has been a trade secret since 1891. All three elements are required. If any element ceases to exist, then the trade secret will also cease to exist. [4] Trade secret protection covers confidential information, which can include technical and scientific data, business and commercial information, and financial records. [3]
Symmetric-key encryption can use either stream ciphers or block ciphers. [8]Stream ciphers encrypt the digits (typically bytes), or letters (in substitution ciphers) of a message one at a time.
A molecular formula enumerates the number of atoms to reflect those in the molecule, so that the molecular formula for glucose is C 6 H 12 O 6 rather than the glucose empirical formula, which is CH 2 O. Except for the very simple substances, molecular chemical formulas generally lack needed structural information, and might even be ambiguous in ...
In electronics and semiconductor physics, the law of mass action relates the concentrations of free electrons and electron holes under thermal equilibrium.It states that, under thermal equilibrium, the product of the free electron concentration and the free hole concentration is equal to a constant square of intrinsic carrier concentration .
The president of the company should be able to access the formula when needed, but in an emergency any 3 of the 12 board members would be able to unlock the secret formula together. One of the ways this can be accomplished is by a secret-sharing scheme with t = 3 and n = 15 , where 3 shares are given to the president, and one share is given to ...
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