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The Lun-class ekranoplan (Soviet classification: Project 903) [1] is the only ground effect vehicle (GEV) to ever be operationally deployed as a warship, deploying in the Caspian Flotilla. It was designed by Rostislav Alexeyev in 1975 and used by the Soviet and later Russian navies from 1987 until sometime in the late 1990s.
Ekranoplan A-90 Orlyonok. A ground-effect vehicle (GEV), also called a wing-in-ground-effect (WIGE or WIG), ground-effect craft/machine (GEM), wingship, flarecraft, surface effect vehicle or ekranoplan (Russian: экранопла́н – "screenglider"), is a vehicle that is able to move over the surface by gaining support from the reactions of the air against the surface of the earth or water.
The Orlyonok was designed as a transport and a beach assault vehicle. Unlike other Soviet Ekranoplan designs, the Orlyonok was amphibious and was equipped with wheels for beaching and land based takeoffs. Orlyonok's development was preceded by the SM-6; a prototype ekranoplan which had the same module layout as the Orlyonok.
Beriev Be-1 - Experimental aircraft used in development of VVA-14; Bartini Beriev VVA-14 - Amphibious anti-submarine aircraft, only prototypes were produced; KM "Caspian Sea Monster" - largest GEV ever built; Lun-class ekranoplan - Only GEV to be used as a warship; A-90 Orlyonok - Amphibious transport GEV; Beriev Be-2500 - Proposed heavy ...
The KM was an experimental aircraft developed from 1964 to 1966, during a time when the Soviet Union saw interest in ground effect vehicles—airplane-like vehicles that use ground effect to fly several meters above surfaces, primarily bodies of water (such as the Caspian Sea).
An-2E (Ekranoplan – wing in ground effect) The An-2E prototype ekranoplan (first use of the designation) – One of a series of projects from the early 1970s for WIG (Wing In Ground effect) derivatives of the An-2, designed at the TsLST (Tsentral'naya Laboratoriya Spasatel'noy Techniki – central laboratory for new types of rescue equipment).
The concept is thought to have some connection with the Lun-class ekranoplan of the 1970s. [3] If it entered service, it would become the largest airplane in the world. [4] The concept of the aircraft was developed in the 1980s by the Beriev Design Office in collaboration with TsAGI and TsIAM. There are two versions of the design that differ in ...
After Bartini's death in 1974, the project slowed and eventually drew to a close, [2] the aircraft having conducted 107 flights, with a total flight time of 103 hours. The only remaining VVA-14, No. 1972, was retired and sent to the Soviet Central Air Force Museum in 1987.