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The pre-eminent threats to the Asian elephant today are habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, which are driven by an expanding human population, and lead in turn to increasing conflicts between humans and elephants when elephants eat or trample crops. Hundreds of people and elephants are killed annually as a result of such conflicts.
The only truly wild horses in existence today are Przewalski's horse native to the steppes of central Asia.. A modern wild horse population (janghali ghura) is found in the Dibru-Saikhowa National Park and Biosphere reserve of Assam, in north-east India, and is a herd of about 79 horses descended from animals that escaped army camps during World War II.
Borneo has own a wide variety of bird species. The geological history of Borneo is a major factor: long isolation of the island, broken during the last Ice age, when Borneo was connected to the continent of Asia, led to a combination of Asian and native species. There are about 420 species of birds and 37 are endemic to Borneo [4] [5]
In Assam, more than 1,150 humans and 370 elephants died as a result of human-elephant conflict between 1980 and 2003. [96] In a 2010 study, it was estimated that in India alone, over 400 people were killed by elephants each year, and 0.8 to 1 million hectares were damaged, affecting at least 500,000 families across the country.
African elephants are endangered, and their natural habitats are fragmented. Found in central and eastern Africa, those that venture outside of protected borders are likely to be killed by ...
The critically endangered Bornean orangutan, a great ape endemic to Borneo, in Tanjung Puting Borneo elephant. The wildlife of this ecoregion consists of a large number of forest animals ranging from the world's smallest squirrel, the least pygmy squirrel, to the largest land mammal in Asia, the Asian elephant.
Small cats such as the bay cat and various civet cats are also found. [4] 1200 Asian elephants exist on the Peninsula, [5] with another population existing in East Malaysia. The world's largest cattle species, the seladang, is found in Malaysia. [1] Fruit bats are also found throughout the country, with a high concentration in the Mulu Caves. [5]
The high diversity and endemicity of mammals is related to the many niches found in the tropical rain forest of Borneo and past Pleistocene events within the Sundaland region. During interglacial and post-glacial periods, there was migration of animal from the Asian mainland into Borneo and into Sulawesi via the Philippines .