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A Hindu may, by his or her choice, draw upon ideas of other Indian or non-Indian religious thought as a resource, follow or evolve his or her personal beliefs, and still identify as a Hindu. [ 64 ] In 1995, Chief Justice P. B. Gajendragadkar was quoted in an Indian Supreme Court ruling: [ 123 ] [ 124 ]
Indian state is committed to administer these rights which can be enforced by judiciary Right of ‘any section of the citizens’ to ‘conserve’ its ‘distinct language, script or culture’; [Article 29(1)] Right of all Religious and Linguistic Minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice;[Article 30(1)]
According to Ramanujan, "A modern attempt was made to show Lingayats as having a religion separate from Hindu when Lingayats received discrete entry in the Indian constitution of 1950." [ 15 ] [ web 8 ] [ web 1 ] Individuals and community leaders have made intermittent claims for the legal recognition of either being distinct from Hinduism or a ...
The elements that are defined as characteristics of an ethnoreligious group are "social character, historical experience, and theological beliefs".[4]A closing of the community takes place through a strict endogamy, which is specifically for the community and that distinguishes an ethno-religious community, that is, as distinct from any other group.
The Court however left it to the respective states to decide on the minority status of Jain religion. [210] [web 10] [note 32] However, some individual states have over the past few decades differed on whether Jains, Buddhists, and Sikhs are religious minorities or not, by either pronouncing judgments or passing legislation.
The term "Hindu" is derived from Persian meaning "Indo" (or Indian), hence the official word "Hinduism" broadly refers to all the native cultures of the Indian subcontinent. The 1955 Hindu Marriage Act "[defines] as Hindus anyone who is not a Christian, Muslim, or Jew". [8]
The term "cultural Hindu" generally refers to Desis with a Hindu family background who have low observance of religious practices and whose identification with the Hindu religious tradition is primarily cultural or communal. [1] The term has come into vogue as a result of secularization. [2]
A minority religion is a religion held by a minority of the population of state or which is otherwise politically marginalized. [1] [2] Minority religions may be subject to stigma or discrimination. An example of a stigma is using the term cult with its extremely negative connotations for certain new religious movements. [3]