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After slavery was abolished in the United States, Chinese laborers were imported to the South as cheap labor to replace freed Blacks on the plantations.Many of the early Chinese laborers came from sugar plantations in Cuba and after the transcontinental railroad was completed, California also contributed to the labor supply.
The Columbia Guide to Asian American History (2001) online edition excerpt and text search; Okihiro, Gary Y. Margins and Mainstreams: Asians in American History and Culture (University of Washington Press, 2014) Takaki, Ronald Strangers from a Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans New York: Little, Brown, 1998. ISBN 978-0-316-83130-7
South Asians had been present in colonial America since at least 1635 with the recording of an East Indian man named "Tony" in the Colony of Virginia.They were brought over as indentured servants and sometimes slaves who eventually assimilated into the dominant white and black American populations.
The American trade unionists were nevertheless still wary as the Chinese workers were willing to work for their employers for relatively low wages and incidentally acted as strikebreakers thereby running counter to the interests of the trade unions. In fact, many employers used the threat of importing Chinese strikebreakers as a means to ...
Before 1990, there were slightly fewer South Asians in the U.S. than Japanese Americans. By 2000, Indian Americans nearly doubled in population to become the third largest group of Asian Americans, with increasing visibility in high-tech communities such as the Silicon Valley and the Seattle area. Indian Americans have some of the highest rates ...
For Black Americans, she wrote, such searches can be fraught with complexities, with family histories “inextricably intertwined with the painful legacy of slavery, the struggles of ...
Reséndez notes in his book about the subject, “The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America," that most Native American slaves were women and children, in contrast to ...
The coolie slave trade run by American captains and local agents, mainly consisting of debt slavery, was called the 'pig trade' as the living conditions were not dissimilar to that of livestock; on some vessels as many as 40 per cent of the coolies died en route. [36]