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Duplex kidney (Duplicated collecting system): A congenital condition where the kidney has two separate ureters (complete duplication) or a bifid ureter (partial duplication). In a coronal plane, both moieties may be visible, but in axial sections, one of the moieties may lack visible renal sinus structures, creating the faceless kidney sign.
Duplicated ureter or duplex collecting system is a congenital condition in which the ureteric bud, the embryological origin of the ureter, splits (or arises twice), resulting in two ureters draining a single kidney. It is the most common renal abnormality, occurring in approximately 1% of the population.
For instance, if one kidney is surgically removed, the cells of the other kidney divide at an increased rate. [1] Eventually, the remaining kidney can grow until its mass approaches the combined mass of two kidneys. [1] Along with the kidneys, compensatory growth has also been characterized in a number of other tissues and organs including:
The typical mammalian kidney consists of a renal capsule, a peripheral cortex, an internal medulla, one or more renal calyces, and a renal pelvis. [7] Although the calyces or renal pelvis may be absent in some species. [7] The medulla is made up of one or more renal pyramids, [8] forming papillae with their innermost parts. [9]
Newborns with unilateral renal agenesis are usually asymptomatic if the other kidney’s otherwise healthy. Now that that one kidney’s doing all the filtering, though, over time unilateral renal agenesis can lead to hypertrophy, or growth of the kidney, which later in life can increase the risk of hypertension as well as renal failure.
The asymmetry within the abdominal cavity, caused by the position of the liver, typically results in the right kidney being slightly lower and smaller than the left, and being placed slightly more to the middle than the left kidney. [10] [11] [12] The left kidney is approximately at the vertebral level T12 to L3, [13] and the right is slightly ...
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Medullary sponge kidney is a congenital disorder of the kidneys characterized by cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules in one or both kidneys. Individuals with medullary sponge kidney are at increased risk for kidney stones and urinary tract infection (UTI). Patients with MSK typically pass twice as many stones per year as do other stone ...