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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process of fertilization in which an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, then removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from her ovaries and enabling a man's sperm to fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory.
Embryo transfer is the step in the process whereby one or several embryos are placed into the uterus of the female with the intent to establish a pregnancy. Less commonly used techniques in in vitro fertilization are: Assisted zona hatching (AZH) is performed shortly before the embryo is transferred to the uterus. A small opening is made in the ...
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI / ˈ ɪ k s i / IK-see) is an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure in which a single sperm cell is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg. This technique is used in order to prepare the gametes for the obtention of embryos that may be
Embryo transfer: the strongest and genetically correct embryos are selected and the decided number will be transferred to the gestational carrier. [ 10 ] Pregnancy test: after two weeks, a period known as the two-week wait it can be determined if the embryos had been properly implanted and will result in a pregnancy.
The first recorded case of artificial insemination was John Hunter in 1790, who helped impregnate a linen draper's wife. [1] [2] The first reported case of artificial insemination by donor occurred in 1884: William H. Pancoast, a professor in Philadelphia, took sperm from his "best looking" student to inseminate an anesthetized woman without her knowledge.
Freezing embryos for IVF became standard practice after the development of vitrification, a fast-freezing process that is safer for the embryo. While there’s still a risk of damage during the ...
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"Severe abdominal complications after transvaginal ultrasonographically guided retrieval of oocytes for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer". Fertility and Sterility. 59 (6): 1313– 1315. doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(16)55997-4. PMID 8495784. Tsen, LC (2002). "From Darwin to desflurane: anesthesia for assisted reproductive technologies" (PDF).