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Flag of the Lombard League. Coat of arms of the Lombard League Member cities of the first and second Lombard League.. The Lombard League (Latin: Societas Lombardiae; Italian: Lega Lombarda) was an alliance of cities formed in 1167, [1] and supported by the popes, to counter the attempts by the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperors to establish direct royal administrative control over the cities of ...
The Lombard League, on the other hand, decided to engage in battle with the imperial army as soon as possible to prevent the reunification of the Teutonic armies; [86] [81] this despite being still in reduced ranks (15,000 men [87]), given that he could not count on all the military forces specified in the various cities forming part of the ...
The Byzantine–Lombard wars were a protracted series of conflicts which occurred from AD 568 to 750 between the Byzantine Empire and a Germanic tribe known as the Lombards. The wars began primarily because of the imperialistic inclinations of the Lombard king Alboin , as he sought to take possession of Northern Italy . [ 1 ]
The defeat at Parma was a seemingly decisive defeat for Frederick, who had to abandon his efforts to conquer northern Italy in for the immediate future. The Second Lombard League recovered some territories, the whole Emilia and Romagna embraced the Guelph cause, while the Marquisate of Montferrat and the Republic of Genoa remained hostile to ...
The north Italian cities of the Lombard League were Gregory's most natural allies against Frederick. Records of the deliberations of the rectors of the league concerning the War of the Keys do not survive. Examples of such deliberations, however, do appear in the Dictamina rhetorica of Guido Faba of Bologna, composed around 1230. [55]
The battle of San Cesario in August 1229 was the culmination of a civil war between the members of the Lombard League. [1] In the pitched battle, Modena and its allies defeated Bologna and its allies. [2] The war, which began in 1226, pitted Bologna, supported by Milan and Piacenza, against Modena, supported by Cremona and Parma. [3]
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The Lombard League's army was virtually annihilated. Frederick made a triumphal entrance in the allied city of Cremona, with the Carroccio towed by an elephant and Tiepolo chained on it. [9] The latter was first detained in Apulia and then publicly executed in Trani. The Carroccio was later sent to Rome as a show of the imperial power. [9]