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Orexin (/ ɒ ˈ r ɛ k s ɪ n /), also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. [5] It exists in the forms of orexin-A and orexin-B.The most common form of narcolepsy, type 1, in which the individual experiences brief losses of muscle tone ("drop attacks" or cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells ...
The orexin 1 receptor (OX 1), is a G-protein coupled receptor that is heavily expressed in projections from the lateral hypothalamus and is involved in the regulation of feeding behaviour. OX 1 selectively binds the orexin-A neuropeptide. It shares 64% identity with OX 2. [5]
Once made, the orexin peptides can bind to the orexin receptor; which is a G protein-coupled receptor. This receptor senses molecules outside the cell and activates inside signal transduction pathways to elicit cellular responses. Research shows that an absence of orexin-A appears to cause narcolepsy. Deficit amounts of orexin-A will make ...
The lateral hypothalamus (LH), also called the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), [1] contains the primary orexinergic nucleus within the hypothalamus that widely projects throughout the nervous system; [2] this system of neurons mediates an array of cognitive and physical processes, such as promoting feeding behavior and arousal, reducing pain perception, and regulating body temperature ...
However, orexin-B shows a 5- to 10-fold selectivity for orexin receptor type 2, whilst orexin-A is equipotent at both receptors. [2] [3] Several orexin receptor antagonists are in development for potential use in sleep disorders. [4] The first of these, suvorexant, has been on the market in the United States since 2015. [5]
Orexin receptor type 2 (Ox2R or OX 2), also known as hypocretin receptor type 2 (HcrtR2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCRTR2 gene. [5] It should not be confused for the protein CD200R1 which shares the alias OX2R but is a distinct, unrelated gene located on the human chromosome 3.
These results highlighted a highly specific anatomical and molecular substrate for ethanol intake; orexin receptor 2 signalling in the anterior PVT. [11] Since the PVT appeared to play a role in alcohol consumption behavior, Barson was interested in exploring the role of this area in emotional processing. [11]
Today, "hypocretin" (or HCRT) is used to refer to the gene and transcript, while "orexin" is used to refer to the peptide. [18] Yanagisawa and his team then knocked out the orexin gene in mice, hoping to see the animal eating less. Instead, they observed behavior similar to the human condition of narcolepsy, whose cause at the time was still ...