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2. Spongilla - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spongilla

   Using their ostia and osculum these sponges filter the water for various small aquatic organisms such as protozoans, bacteria, and other free-floating pond life. [4] Sponges of the genus Spongilla partake in symbiotic relationships with green algae, zoochlorellae. The symbiotic zoochlorellae give the sponges a green appearance and without them ...

3. Marine invertebrates - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_invertebrates

   Linnaeus mistakenly identified sponges as plants in the order Algae. [29] For a long time thereafter sponges were assigned to a separate subkingdom, Parazoa (meaning beside the animals). [30] They are now classified as a paraphyletic phylum from which the higher animals have evolved. [31]

4. Sponge - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge

   Sponge loop hypothesis. Steps of the sponge loop pathway: (1) corals and algae release exudates as dissolved organic matter (DOM), (2) sponges take up DOM, (3) sponges release detrital particulate organic matter (POM), (4) sponge detritus (POM) is taken up by sponge-associated and free-living detritivores. [61] [63] [75] The sponge holobiont.

5. Holdfast (biology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holdfast_(biology)

   Holdfast torn from the sea floor by a storm Eocrinoid holdfasts on an Ordovician hardground in Utah. A holdfast is a root-like structure that anchors aquatic sessile organisms, such as seaweed, other sessile algae, stalked crinoids, benthic cnidarians, and sponges, to the substrate.

6. Ctenophora - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenophora

   a Beroe ovata, b unidentified cydippid, c "Tortugas red" cydippid, d Bathocyroe fosteri, e Mnemiopsis leidyi, and f Ocyropsis sp. [17]. Among animal phyla, the ctenophores are more complex than sponges, about as complex as cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, etc.), and less complex than bilaterians (which include almost all other animals).

7. Anheteromeyenia argyrosperma - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anheteromeyenia_argyrosperma

   Their color is grey unless green from being in symbiosis with zoochlorellae (algae). Their bodies are permeated with pores, chambers, and canals for the flow of water through them. The smaller, more prevalent incurrent pores are the ostia and the larger excurrent pores are the oscula. Within A. argyrosperma the oscules are inconspicuous. [1]

8. 3 dogs die from toxic algae poisoning within hours of playing ...

   www.aol.com/lifestyle/3-dogs-die-toxic-algae...

   Two dog owners in North Carolina are speaking out after their three pups died following what initially appeared to be an innocent swim in a pond. 3 dogs die from toxic algae poisoning within hours ...

9. Marine fungi - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_fungi

   Many fungi have been identified as commensals or pathogens of marine animals (e.g., corals and sponges), plants, and algae. Despite their varied roles, remarkably little is known about the diversity of this major branch of eukaryotic life in marine ecosystems or their ecological functions.