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[1] [2] The beak may also be referred to as the mandibles or jaws. [3] These beaks are different from bird beaks because they crush bone while most bird beaks do not. Fossilised remains of beaks are known from a number of cephalopod groups, both extant and extinct, including squids , octopuses , belemnites , and vampyromorphs .
Jackknife chelicera are described in two different forms: orthognathous and labidognathous. Orthognathous chelicerae are articulated in a manner that enables movements of the appendages parallel to the body axis. This kind of chelicera occurs in the Liphistiomorphae and Mygalomorphae spiders and in the related orders Amblypygi, Schizomida and ...
Mandibles are often simply called jaws. Mandibles are present in the extant subphyla Myriapoda (millipedes and others), Crustacea and Hexapoda (insects etc.). These groups make up the clade Mandibulata , which is currently believed to be the sister group to the rest of arthropods, the clade Arachnomorpha ( Chelicerata and Trilobita ).
Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect's mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages (the labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure). Their function is typically to grasp, crush, or cut the insect's food, or to defend against predators or rivals.
[14]: 34 Besides this, all appendages and the body are separate from the pupal skin and enjoy a degree of independent motion. All other superfamilies of the Lepidoptera are more specialised, have non-functional mandibles, appendages and body attached to the pupal skin, and lose a degree of independent movement. [14]: 20
In the adult insect, the head capsule appears unsegmented, though embryological studies show it to consist of six segments that bear the paired head appendages, including the mouthparts, each pair on a specific segment. [7] Each such pair occupies one segment, though not all segments in modern insects bear any visible appendages.
The abbreviation is not always a short form of the word used in the clue. For example: "Knight" for N (the symbol used in chess notation) Taking this one stage further, the clue word can hint at the word or words to be abbreviated rather than giving the word itself. For example: "About" for C or CA (for "circa"), or RE.
Typically, each body segment carries one pair of appendages. An appendage which is modified to assist in feeding is known as a maxilliped or gnathopod. [citation needed] In annelids lateral protrusions from the body are called parapodia. In echinoderms an appendage called a pedicellaria is found. The end of the pedicellaria consists of valves ...