Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The exact cause of melasma is unknown. [6] Melasma is thought to be the stimulation of melanocytes (cells in the dermal layer, which transfer the pigment melanin to the keratinocytes of skin) when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light from the sun. Small amounts of sun exposure can make melasma return to the skin after it has faded, which is ...
Examples of such side effects include breast tenderness and enlargement, nausea, bloating, edema, headache, and melasma. [15] [62] High-dose estrogen therapy with estradiol valerate injections may also cause an increased risk of thromboembolism, changes in blood lipid profile, increased insulin resistance, and increased levels of prolactin. [62]
The exact cause of melasma is unknown, says Dr. Robert Finney, MD, a board-certified dermatologist in New York City. But it’s believed to result from the skin’s pigment-producing cells being ...
As unopposed estrogen therapy (using estrogen alone without progesterone) increases the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in women with intact uteruses, estradiol is usually combined with a progestogen like progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate to prevent the effects of estradiol on the endometrium.
It’s characterized by dark blotchy patches, which typically appear on the face, and often appears during pregnancy — 15% to 50% of pregnant women get melasma, according to the Cleveland Clinic ...
Levels of estrogen and progesterone in normal human pregnancy are very high. [6] Estradiol levels are 1,000 to 5,000 pg/mL during the first trimester, 5,000 to 15,000 pg/mL during the second trimester, and 10,000 to 40,000 pg/mL during the third trimester, [ 38 ] with a mean of 25,000 pg/mL at term and levels as high as 75,000 pg/mL measurable ...
Estradiol is an estrogen, or an agonist of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). [1] [2] [6] In one study, the EC 50 Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration value of estradiol for the human ERα was 50 pM (0.05 nM) and for the human ERβ was 200 pM (0.2 nM).
Breast cancer was increased in women treated with estrogen and a progestin, but not with estrogen and progesterone or estrogen alone. Treatment with unopposed estrogen (i.e., an estrogen alone without a progestogen) is contraindicated if the uterus is still present, due to its proliferative effect on the endometrium. The WHI also found a ...