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  2. Ruling gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruling_gradient

    Trains would leave Sparks with enough engine to manage the 0.43% grade (e.g. a 2-10-2 with a 5500-ton train) and would get helper engines at Wells; the "ruling grade" from Sparks to Ogden could be considered 0.43%. But nowadays the railroad doesn't base helper engines at Wells so trains must leave Sparks with enough power to climb the 1.4% ...

  3. List of steepest gradients on adhesion railways - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_steepest_gradients...

    Built as a rack railway, adhesion operation only by passenger railbuses, now only museum operation on part of the line. 1 in 14 (7.0%) Red Marble Grade, Topton, North Carolina. A 2015 survey [12] lists the 3.5 mile stretch between MP 87 and MP 90.5 at a 4% average grade and says there are isolated stretches approaching 7%. When originally built ...

  4. Union Pacific Railway: A Study in Railway Politics, History, and Economics. (Chicago: S. C. Griggs and Company). 247 pp. online; Dozier, Howard Douglas (1920). A History of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. (New York: Houghton Mifflin). 197 pp. Flint, Henry M. (1868) Railroads of the United States: Their History and Statistics. (Philadelphia.

  5. Mann–Elkins Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann–Elkins_Act

    The Mann–Elkins Act, also called the Railway Rate Act of 1910, was a United States federal law that strengthened the authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) over railroad rates. The law also expanded the ICC's jurisdiction to include regulation of telephone , telegraph and wireless companies, and created a commerce court.

  6. Rack railway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rack_railway

    The Pilatus Railway is the steepest rack railway in the world, with a maximum gradient of 48% and an average gradient of 35%. Functioning of the rack and pinion on the Strub system. A rack railway (also rack-and-pinion railway, cog railway, or cogwheel railway) is a steep grade railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails.

  7. Track gauge in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_gauge_in_the_United...

    The world's first operational mountain-climbing cog railway (rack-and-pinion railway), the Mount Washington Cog Railway in Coos County, New Hampshire — in operation since its opening in 1869 — uses a 4 ft 8 inch (1,422 mm) rail gauge, as designed by Sylvester Marsh, the creator of the Marsh rack system for ensuring firm traction going up ...

  8. Timeline of United States railway history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States...

    The track had a grade of one inch and a half to the yard, [3] with a 4% grade to test whether a horse could successfully pull 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg) against the slope. 1810–1829 The Leiper Railroad was a short horse drawn railroad of three quarters of a mile opens in 1810 after the quarry owner, Thomas Leiper , failed to obtain a charter ...

  9. Grading (earthworks) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_(earthworks)

    Section through railway track and foundation showing the sub-grade. Grading in civil engineering and landscape architectural construction is the work of ensuring a level base, or one with a specified slope, [1] for a construction work such as a foundation, the base course for a road or a railway, or landscape and garden improvements, or surface drainage.