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Algebraic functions are functions that can be expressed as the solution of a polynomial equation with integer coefficients.. Polynomials: Can be generated solely by addition, multiplication, and raising to the power of a positive integer.
Clay Mathematics Institute: 2000 Simon problems: 15 <12 [7] [8] Barry Simon: 2000 Unsolved Problems on Mathematics for the 21st Century [9] 22-Jair Minoro Abe, Shotaro Tanaka: 2001 DARPA's math challenges [10] [11] 23-DARPA: 2007 Erdős's problems [12] >927: 615: Paul Erdős: Over six decades of Erdős' career, from the 1930s to 1990s
From a permutations perspective, let the event A be the probability of finding a group of 23 people without any repeated birthdays. Where the event B is the probability of finding a group of 23 people with at least two people sharing same birthday, P(B) = 1 − P(A).
In mathematics, "rational" is often used as a noun abbreviating "rational number". The adjective rational sometimes means that the coefficients are rational numbers. For example, a rational point is a point with rational coordinates (i.e., a point whose coordinates are rational numbers); a rational matrix is a matrix of rational numbers; a rational polynomial may be a polynomial with rational ...
Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than continuous.In contrast to real numbers that have the property of varying "smoothly", the objects studied in discrete mathematics – such as integers, graphs, and statements in logic [1] – do not vary smoothly in this way, but have distinct, separated values. [2]
The number e is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828 that is the base of the natural logarithm and exponential function.It is sometimes called Euler's number, after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, though this can invite confusion with Euler numbers, or with Euler's constant, a different constant typically denoted .
The expectation of X is defined as [12] [] = + + +. Since the probabilities must satisfy p 1 + ⋅⋅⋅ + p k = 1 , it is natural to interpret E[ X ] as a weighted average of the x i values, with weights given by their probabilities p i .
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).