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With this wall, Emperor Aurelian wanted to protect the city from invading barbarians. He was in a great hurry and the monumental structure, 19 km in circumference, 8 m high and 3.4 m thick, was built in only 5 years (271-275). Avila, Spain. The 12 m high and 3 m thick stone walls, 9 gates and 88 towers represent a well-preserved medieval fortress.
The weight of the stones resists the pressure from the retained soil, including any surcharges, and the friction between the stones causes most of them to act as if they were a monolithic gravity wall of the same weight. Dry stone retaining walls were once built in great numbers for agricultural terracing and also to carry paths, roads and ...
Cordwood masonry wall detail. The method is sometimes called stackwall because the effect resembles a stack of cordwood. A section of a cordwood home. Cordwood construction (also called cordwood masonry or cordwood building, alternatively stackwall or stovewood) is a term used for a natural building method in which short logs are piled crosswise to build a wall, using mortar or cob to ...
Cob wall in Harwell, Oxfordshire, England, hundreds of years old, thatched to protect it from water. Cob, sometimes referred to as "monolithic adobe", [12] is a natural building material made from soil that includes clay, sand or small stones and an organic material such as straw. Cob walls are usually built up in courses, have no mortar joints ...
This construction technique is one of the most versatile natural building methods and can be used for benches, freestanding walls, emergency shelters, temporary or permanent housing, or barns and commercial buildings. Earthbag is frequently chosen for many small-to-medium-sized institutional structures in the developing world.
Earth structure – Building or other structure made largely from soil; Gabion – Cage full of rock; Keyline design – Landscaping to optimize water usage; Land restoration – Process of restoring land to a different state; Grading (earthworks) – In civil engineering, creating a profile; Spoil tip – Pile built of accumulated spoil
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