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A female athlete who feels pressured to maintain a certain physique or body weight may exercise excessively and develop eating disorders to restrict calorie intake. Over-exercising increases the need for rest; her overall energy declines, causing her total body fat and estrogen levels to drop - a condition known as amenorrhea. [6]
The Amateur Athletic Association (AAA) was established in England in 1880 as the first national body for the sport of athletics and began holding its own annual athletics competition – the AAA Championships.
Movement demands include strength, endurance and range of motion. Training oversights occurs when the body is overused. [9] Internally, the joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments can affect one's flexibility. As previously mentioned, each part of the body has its own limitations and combined, the range of motion can be affected.
The effect of training on the body has been defined as the reaction to the adaptive responses of the body arising from exercise [3] or as "an elevation of metabolism produced by exercise". [ 4 ] Exercise physiologists study the effect of exercise on pathology , and the mechanisms by which exercise can reduce or reverse disease progression.
Other limitations affecting a marathon runner's VO 2Max include pulmonary diffusion, mitochondria enzyme activity, and capillary density. These features of a marathon runner can be enlarged compared to that of an untrained individual but have upper limits determined by the body.
Nutrition is important in all sports. Sports nutrition is the study and practice of nutrition and diet with regards to improving anyone's athletic performance. Nutrition is an important part of many sports training regimens, being popular in strength sports (such as weightlifting and bodybuilding) and endurance sports (e.g. cycling, running, swimming, rowing).
Kinesiology (from Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis) 'movement' and -λογία-logía 'study of') is the scientific study of human body movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological , anatomical , biomechanical , pathological , neuropsychological principles and mechanisms of movement.
[1] [2] Athletic sports or contests are competitions which are primarily based on human physical competition, demanding the qualities of stamina, fitness, and skill. Athletic sports form the bulk of popular sporting activities, with other major forms including motorsports, precision sports, extreme sports and animal sports.