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François Duvalier (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa dyvalje]; 14 April 1907 – 21 April 1971), also known as Papa Doc, was a Haitian politician and voodooist who served as the president of Haiti from 1957 until his death in 1971. [3] He was elected president in the 1957 general election on a populist and black nationalist platform.
François Duvalier (1907–1971) 1957 1961 1964: 22 October 1957 21 April 1971† [11] [12] 13 years, 181 days National Unity Party: President (22 October 1957 – 22 June 1964) President for Life (22 June 1964 – 21 April 1971) 40 Jean-Claude Duvalier (1951–2014) 1971 1985: 21 April 1971 [m] 7 February 1986 [n] 14 years, 292 days
The Duvalier family (French: Dynastie des Duvalier) was an autocratic hereditary dictatorship in Haiti that lasted almost 29 years, from 1957 until 1986, spanning the rule of the father-and-son duo Dr. François Duvalier (Papa Doc) and Jean-Claude Duvalier (Baby Doc).
After the Duvalier era, 'Sonson' Pasquet came to be seen in Haiti as both a foolish and gallant figure. In 1973 his son, also named Alix Pasquet, married and had two children with Michèle Bennett , who later married and had two children with François Duvalier's son, Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier , making 'Sonson' and 'Papa Doc's ...
The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) [1] [2] [3] or simply the Macoute, [4] [5] was a Haitian paramilitary and secret police force created in 1959 by dictator François "Papa Doc" Duvalier.
Simone Duvalier (French pronunciation: [simɔn dyvalje]; née Ovide; 19 March 1913 – 26 December 1997), also known as Mama Doc, was the wife of Haitian leader François "Papa Doc" Duvalier and the First Lady of Haiti.
Jean-Claude Duvalier (French: [ʒɑ̃klod dyvalje]; 3 July 1951 – 4 October 2014), nicknamed "Baby Doc" (French: Bébé Doc, Haitian Creole: Bebe Dòk), was a Haitian dictator who inherited the President of Haiti from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in February 1986.
A presidential referendum was held in Haiti on 30 April 1961 alongside parliamentary elections. [1] Voters were asked whether President François Duvalier should remain in office for a further six years.