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There is an association between rheumatoid factor and more persistently active synovitis, more joint damage, greater eventual disability and arthritis. [12] [13] Other than in rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid factor may also be elevated in other conditions, including: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [14] [15] Sjögren syndrome [14] [15]
Immunofluorescence pattern of SS-A and SS-B antibodies. Produced using serum from a patient on HEp-20-10 cells with a FITC conjugate. Anti-SSA autoantibodies (anti–Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies, also called anti-Ro, or similar names including anti-SSA/Ro, anti-Ro/SSA, anti–SS-A/Ro, and anti-Ro/SS-A) are a type of anti-nuclear autoantibodies that are associated with ...
Ninety-six percent of patients with lupus induced by procainamide will have a positive test for anti-histone antibodies, and 100% of patients whose lupus was induced by penicillamine, isoniazid, or methyldopa will have a positive test for anti-histone antibodies. In 70% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Felty's syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome ...
31.5 per 100,000 (men), 26.1 per 100,000 (women) [85] Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: Lungs Anti-GM-CSF antibodies Confirmed 6.2 per million [86] Rheumatoid lung disease: Lungs Rheumatoid factor, Anti-CCP antibodies Confirmed Part of RA prevalence (about 1%) [87] Sarcoidosis: Lungs and other organs None specific Confirmed 10 - 40 per 100,000 [88]
While women with lupus have higher risk pregnancies, most are successful. [1] Rate of SLE varies between countries from 20 to 70 per 100,000. [2] Women of childbearing age are affected about nine times more often than men. [5] While it most commonly begins between the ages of 15 and 45, a wide range of ages can be affected.
Being female is the single greatest risk factor for developing autoimmune disease than any other genetic or environmental risk factor yet discovered. [23] [24] Autoimmune conditions overrepresented in women include: lupus, primary biliary cholangitis, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and multiple sclerosis, among many others
Lupus is an autoimmune collagen vascular disorder that can be present with severe arthritis. In fact, about 90% of patients with Lupus have musculoskeletal involvement. [78] Symptoms in these patients can often mimic those of rheumatoid arthritis with similar stiffness and pain patterns.
For example, some autoimmune diseases tend to flare during pregnancy (possibly as an evolutionary mechanism to increase health protection for the child), [50] when hormone levels are high, and improve after menopause, when hormone levels decrease. Women may also naturally have autoimmune disease trigger events in puberty and pregnancy. [48]