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Although many kinds of drugs are capable of such action, dissociatives are unique in that they do so in such a way that they produce hallucinogenic effects, which may include dissociation, a general decrease in sensory experience, hallucinations, dream-like states or anesthesia. [1]
NMDA receptor antagonists induce a state called dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia. [1] Ketamine is a favored anesthetic for emergency patients with unknown medical history and in the treatment of burn victims because it depresses breathing and circulation less than other anesthetics.
It is an important part of the "rodent cocktail", a mixture of drugs used for anesthetising rodents. [173] Veterinarians often use ketamine with sedative drugs to produce balanced anesthesia and analgesia, and as a constant-rate infusion to help prevent pain wind-up. Ketamine is also used to manage pain among large animals.
[24] [25] Although some dissociative disruptions involve amnesia, other dissociative events do not. [26] Dissociative disorders are sometimes triggered by trauma, but may be preceded only by stress, psychoactive substances, or no identifiable trigger at all. [27] The ICD-10 classifies conversion disorder as a dissociative disorder. [18]
Products in the works at various pharmaceutical companies aim to make ketamine and other dissociative drugs, such as psychedelics like MDMA, even better antidepressants. Some drugs combine ...
Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known in its use as a street drug as angel dust among other names, is a dissociative anesthetic mainly used recreationally for its significant mind-altering effects.
Salvinorin A is the main active psychotropic molecule in Salvia divinorum.Salvinorin A is considered a dissociative hallucinogen. [3] [4]It is structurally distinct from other naturally occurring hallucinogens (such as DMT, psilocybin, and mescaline) because it contains no nitrogen atoms; hence, it is not an alkaloid (and cannot be rendered as a salt), but rather is a terpenoid. [3]
Like many other NMDA receptor antagonists, memantine behaves as a dissociative anesthetic at supratherapeutic doses. [28] Despite isolated reports, recreational use of memantine is rare due to the drug's long duration and limited availability. [28] Additionally, memantine seems to lack effects such as euphoria or hallucinations. [29]