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Stød (Danish pronunciation:, [1] also occasionally spelled stod in English) is a suprasegmental unit of Danish phonology (represented in non-standard IPA as ˀ ), which in its most common form is a kind of creaky voice (laryngealization), but it may also be realized as a glottal stop, especially in emphatic pronunciation. [2]
There are intricate interactions between falling tone and the glottal stop in the histories of such languages as Danish (see stød), Cantonese and Thai. [ citation needed ] In many languages, the unstressed intervocalic allophone of the glottal stop is a creaky-voiced glottal approximant .
In Germanic, some Danish dialects have clusters of a glottal stop followed by a voiceless stop (vestjysk stød) which correspond with the Proto-Germanic voiceless stops, deriving from the allegedly-glottalized PIE series. In Balto-Slavic, glottalization is also directly attested, in the broken tone of Latvian and Žemaitian.
Danish intonation reflects the combination of the stress group, sentence type and prosodic phrase, where the stress group is the main intonation unit. In Copenhagen Standard Danish, the stress group mainly has a certain pitch pattern that reaches its lowest peak on the stressed syllable followed by its highest peak on the immediately following ...
Danish: An Elementary Grammar and Reader, Elias Bredsdorff: "One of the most characteristic features of Danish pronunciation is the use of the glottal stop, or ‘stod ', ..." The Sounds of the World's Languages , Peter Ladefoged: "The glottal stop usually occurs a few milliseconds before the consonant ... many words have a brief superimposed ...
ʔ Majuscule: Ɂ, Minuscule: ɂ , called glottal stop, is an alphabetic letter in some Latin alphabets, most notably in several languages of Canada where it indicates a glottal stop sound. Such usage derives from phonetic transcription , for example the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), that use this letter for the glottal stop sound.
Glottalization of obstruent consonants usually involves complete closure of the glottis; another way to describe this phenomenon is to say that a glottal stop is made simultaneously with another consonant. In certain cases, the glottal stop can even wholly replace the voiceless consonant.
A glottal stop may also be used to replace /k/ (e.g. like becomes [laɪʔ]) at the end of a syllable. [49] In the Middlesbrough area, glottal reinforcement occurs for /k, p, t/. [50] In some areas, an alveolar tap [ɾ] (a 'tapped r') is used after a labial (pray, bright, frog), after a dental (three), and intervocalically (very, sorry, pair of ...