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The invention of skeleton frame buildings made it possible to reduce the thickness of the walls and have wide openings such as ribbon windows extending across most or all of the building facade. In these buildings, brick, stone, or other masonry cladding is often just a single wythe of material called a veneer since it is non-loadbearing.
In this context, the brick masonry is primarily decorative, not structural. The brick veneer is generally connected to the structural wall by brick ties (metal strips that are attached to the structural wall, as well as the mortar joints of the brick veneer). There is typically an air gap between the brick veneer and the structural wall.
A "face brick" is a higher-quality brick, designed for use in visible external surfaces in face-work, as opposed to a "filler brick" for internal parts of the wall, or where the surface is to be covered with stucco or a similar coating, or where the filler bricks will be concealed by other bricks (in structures more than two bricks thick).
Components on a concrete masonry unit and brick cavity wall. A cavity wall is composed of two masonry walls separated by an air space. The outer wall is made of brick and faces the outside of the building structure. [6] The inner wall may be constructed of masonry units such as concrete block, structural clay, brick or reinforced concrete. [6]
Tuckpointing was a way of achieving a similar effect using cheap, unrubbed bricks; these were laid in a mortar of a matching colour (initially red, but later, blue-black bricks and mortar were occasionally used) and a fine fillet of white material, usually pipe clay or putty, pushed into the joints before the mortar set. [4]
Brick tinting may be performed to change the colour of bricks to blend-in areas of brickwork with the surrounding masonry. An impervious and ornamental surface may be laid on brick either by salt glazing , in which salt is added during the burning process, or by the use of a slip , which is a glaze material into which the bricks are dipped.
These are used for window lintels or tops of walls. [3] The result is a row of bricks that looks similar to soldiers marching in formation, from a profile view. Sailor: Units are laid vertically on their shortest ends with their widest edge facing the wall surface. [1] The result is a row of bricks that looks similar to sailors manning the rail.
A highly decorative terra-cotta belt course between the brick and stone wall materials. A belt course, also called a string course or sill course, [1] is a continuous row or layer of stones or brick set in a wall. [2] Set in line with window sills, it helps to make the horizontal line of the sills visually more prominent. Set between the floors ...