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The Old Norse term Hnoss has been translated in a variety of ways by scholars and folklorists. David Leeming and Christopher Fee in their joint book The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother [2] claim that Hnoss' name was drawn from the word for "gem," in which she is described as sparkling like a diamond.
"Yogo sapphire" is the preferred term for gems found in the Yogo Gulch, whereas "Montana sapphire" generally refers to gems found in other Montana locations. [18] More gem-quality sapphires are produced in Montana than anywhere else in North America. [18] Montana sapphires come in a variety of colors, though rubies are rare. [16] [18] [23]
Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. [3] The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red. The color of a ruby is due to the element chromium.
Jet is around 75% carbon and 12% oxygen with sulfur and hydrogen making up most of the balance. [7] Other elements are found at trace level and the exact ratios varying with the source; for example, Spanish jet contains more sulfur than Whitby jet. [7] Jet has a Mohs hardness ranging between 2.5 and 4 and a specific gravity of 1.30 to 1.34.
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The principal source of peridot olivine today is the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona. [ a ] It is also mined at another location in Arizona , and in Arkansas , Hawaii , Nevada , and New Mexico at Kilbourne Hole , in the US; and in Australia , Brazil , China , Egypt , Kenya , Mexico , Myanmar (Burma), Norway , Pakistan , Saudi ...