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  2. Cross-cutting relationships - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cutting_relationships

    Cross-cutting relationships can be used to determine the relative ages of rock strata and other structures. Explanations: A – folded rock strata cut by a thrust fault; B – large intrusion (cutting through A); C – erosional angular unconformity (cutting off A & B) on which rock strata were deposited; D – volcanic dike (cutting through A, B & C); E – even younger rock strata (overlying ...

  3. Relative dating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_dating

    The principle of cross-cutting relationships pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut. Faults are younger than the rocks they cut; accordingly, if a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, then the formations that were cut are older than the fault, and the ones ...

  4. Bed (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_(geology)

    The Law of Lateral Continuity states that the bed deposits extend laterally in all directions. This implies that two places separated by erosional features with similar rocks may have originally been continuous. [20] The law of Cross-Cutting Relationships states that any

  5. Contact (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_(geology)

    Cross-cutting relationships between contacts and formations can be used to determine the geological history of an area. Events are in order, from oldest to youngest, A to F. Identifying and understanding the relationship between contacts is important in determining relative ages of rocks and formations. [ 6 ]

  6. Geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology

    The principle of cross-cutting relationships pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut. Faults are younger than the rocks they cut; accordingly, if a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, then the formations that were cut are older than the fault, and the ones ...

  7. Geologic time scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale

    The principle of cross-cutting relationships that states a rock that cuts across another rock must be younger than the rock it cuts across. [8] [9] [10] [7] The law of included fragments that states small fragments of one type of rock that are embedded in a second type of rock must have formed first, and were included when the second rock was ...

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  9. Stratigraphic column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigraphic_column

    The law was stated by Steno in 1669. [3] Cross-cutting relationships: cross-cutting relationships is a principle of geology that states that the geologic feature which cuts another is the younger of the two features. It is a relative dating technique used commonly by geologists.