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[4] [5] The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid ( R−C(=O)−OH ) with the hydroxyl group ( −OH ) replaced by an amine group ( −NR′R″ ); or ...
Acid–base-catalysed hydrolyses are very common; one example is the hydrolysis of amides or esters. Their hydrolysis occurs when the nucleophile (a nucleus-seeking agent, e.g., water or hydroxyl ion) attacks the carbon of the carbonyl group of the ester or amide. In an aqueous base, hydroxyl ions are better nucleophiles than polar molecules ...
The two major resonance forms of an amide. Another factor that plays a role in determining the reactivity of acyl compounds is resonance. Amides exhibit two main resonance forms. Both are major contributors to the overall structure, so much so that the amide bond between the carbonyl carbon and the amide nitrogen has significant double bond ...
Polyesteramides are a class of synthetic polymers connected by ester and amide bonds ... have been investigated for their use in drug delivery systems and smart ...
IUPAC states "The esters are often called urethanes or urethans, a usage that is strictly correct only for the ethyl esters." [ 44 ] But also states, "An alternative term for the compounds R2NC(=O)OR' (R' not = H), esters of carbamic acids, R,NC(=O)OH, in strict use limited to the ethyl esters, but widely used in the general sense". [ 45 ]
The resulting polymer reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide, which hydrolyzes one of the two amide bonds of the succinimide ring to form a sodium carboxylate. The remaining amide bond is thus the linkage between successive aspartate residues. Each aspartate residue is identified as α or β according to which carbonyl of it is part of the ...
Amine reactive: BS3 is amine-reactive in that its N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS) esters at each end react specifically with primary amines to form stable amide bonds in a nucleophilic acyl substitution-type reaction in which the N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide acts as the leaving group. [9]
These reactions proceed via the intermediacy of amides. The intramolecular reaction of a carboxylic acid with an amide is far faster than the intermolecular reaction, which is rarely observed. They may also be produced via the oxidation of amides, particularly when starting from lactams. [6] R(CO)NHCH 2 R' + 2 [O] → R(CO)N(CO)R' + H 2 O
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