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Allied Mills flour mill on the banks of the Manchester Ship Canal in North West England, 2010. A gristmill (also: grist mill, corn mill, flour mill, feed mill or feedmill) grinds cereal grain into flour and middlings. The term can refer to either the grinding mechanism or the building that holds it.
Quern stones were used in China at least 10,000 years ago to grind wheat into flour. The production of flour by rubbing wheat by hand took several hours. [8] Due to their form, dimensions, and the nature of the treatment of the surfaces, they reproduce precisely the most ancient implements used for grinding cereal grain into flour.
Its etymology derives from the verb grind. Grist can be ground into meal or flour, depending on how coarsely it is ground. Maize made into grist is called grits when it is coarse, and corn meal when it is finely ground. Wheat, oats, barley, and buckwheat are also ground and sifted into flour and farina.
Wheat millstones have long been used to grind cereals in a single pass. We had to find the best way of extracting the flour and cleaning the bran , ensuring that it was unbroken and free of flour. Millstones need to be evenly balanced, and achieving the correct separation of the stones is crucial to producing good quality flour.
Currently, dry milling is mainly focused on corn-based products for human and animal consumption, or utilized during fuel ethanol production. The main objective of the dry-milling process is to separate the endosperm , which is mainly composed of starch , from the germ and pericarp fibers as much as possible.
Similar to brown rice, whole wheat flour contains bran, endosperm, and germ. These parts are packed with fiber and other nutrients, which is what gives whole wheat flour a shorter shelf life.
Examples of refined grains include white bread, white flour, corn grits and white rice. [2] Refined grains are milled which gives a finer texture and improved shelf life. [3] Because the outer parts of the grain are removed and used for animal feed and non-food use, refined grains have been described as less sustainable than whole grains. [4]
Finely ground corn flour that has been treated with food-grade lime is called masa harina (see masa) and is used to make tortillas and tamales in Mexican cooking. In Britain "cornflour" is the term for what is known as corn starch in the US. [30] Cornmeal is very similar to corn flour (see above) except in a coarser grind.
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