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Rome has also been called in ancient times simply "Urbs" (central city), [23] from urbs roma, or identified with its ancient Roman initialism of SPQR, the symbol of Rome's constituted republican government. Furthermore, Rome has been called Urbs Aeterna (The Eternal City), Caput Mundi (The Capital of the world), Throne of St. Peter and Roma ...
The route was mainly underground for the first 80 km after which it emerged on large monumental arches to ensure there was a good water head (pressure) for distribution in Rome. The initial stretch of the aqueduct flanked the right bank of the river Anio, crossing it with a bridge just before Vicovaro and joining the route of the Aqua Anio ...
As building space within the city became more valuable, the drain was gradually built over. [citation needed] By the time of the late Roman Republic this sewer became the city's main storm drain. [14] It developed into a system 1,600 meters long. [15] By the second century BC, it had a 101 meter long canal which was covered up and expanded into ...
The main harbour which serves Rome is the Port of Civitavecchia, located about 62 km (39 mi) northwest of the city, [7] part of the "Motorways of the Sea", it is linked to several Mediterranean ports and is one of the busiest cruise ports in the world. A 3-line metro system called the Metropolitana operates in the Metropolitan City of Rome ...
The city acquired Roman citizenship in 90 BC and became a resort area famed for its beauty and its good water, and was enriched by many Roman villas. The most famous one, of which the ruins remain, is the Villa Adriana ( Hadrian's Villa ).
After taking into account water losses (or, more precisely, non-revenue water), 5.2 billion cubic meters of water were delivered to the users, corresponding to 241 liters per capita per day. [3] This is higher than in France and almost twice as high as in Germany. Italians are among the greatest consumers of bottled water in the world. Bottled ...
The city rapidly outgrew its original sacred boundary , and its first city walls. Rome's first aqueduct (312), built during the Punic wars crisis, provided a plentiful, clean water supply. The building of further aqueducts led to the city's expansion and the establishment of public baths ( thermae ) as a central feature of Roman culture.
For more than two thousand years fountains have provided drinking water and decorated the piazzas of Rome. During the Roman Empire, in 98 AD, according to Sextus Julius Frontinus, the Roman consul who was named curator aquarum or guardian of the water of the city, Rome had nine aqueducts which fed 39 monumental fountains and 591 public basins, not counting the water supplied to the Imperial ...