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The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to bacteria, as well as cancer cells, parasitic worms, and also objects such as wood splinters, distinguishing them from the organism's own healthy tissue. Many species have two major ...
1909 – Paul Ehrlich proposes "immune surveillance" hypothesis of tumor recognition and eradication; 1911 – 2nd demonstration of filterable agent that caused tumors (Peyton Rous) 1917 – Hapten (Karl Landsteiner) 1921 – Cutaneous allergic reactions (Otto Prausnitz and Heinz Küstner) 1924 – Reticuloendothelial system
Immunology is a branch of biology and medicine [1] that covers the study of immune systems [2] in all organisms.. Immunology charts, measures, and contextualizes the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, [3] immune deficiency, [4] and ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to immunology: . Immunology – study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. [1] It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency ...
The immune system has innate and adaptive components. Innate immunity is present in all metazoans, [1] immune responses: inflammatory responses and phagocytosis. [2] The adaptive component, on the other hand, involves more advanced lymphatic cells that can distinguish between specific "non-self" substances in the presence of "self".
This is a list of immune cells, also known as white blood cells, white cells, leukocytes, or leucocytes. They are cells involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders .
1919 Jules Bordet (1870-1961), "for discovery of the complement system in the immune system" 1930 Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943), "for discovery of human blood types" 1960 Peter B. Medawar (1915-1987) and Frank Macfarlane Burnet (1899-1985), "for the discovery that the immune system of the fetus learns how to distinguish between self and non-self"
The immune system refers to all of the cells, tissues, organs and processes that protect an organism from invasion by pathogens. Viruses , bacteria , parasites , and some toxins are some of pathogens that the immune system is involved in eliminating from the body.