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William Edward Dodd (October 21, 1869 – February 9, 1940) [2] was an American historian, author and diplomat.A liberal Democrat, he served as the United States Ambassador to Germany from 1933 to 1937 during the Nazi era.
These relations were broken twice (during the First World War 1917 to 1921, under 28th President Woodrow Wilson), and again during the Second World War from 1941 to 1955, at first under 32nd President Franklin D. Roosevelt, continuing under 33rd President Harry S. Truman and 34th – Dwight D. Eisenhower), while Germany (first as the German ...
Martha Eccles Dodd (October 8, 1908 – August 10, 1990) was an American journalist and novelist. The daughter of William Edward Dodd, [5] US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's first Ambassador to Germany, Dodd lived in Berlin from 1933–1937 [6] and was a witness to the rise of the Third Reich.
The ambassador, who had earned his PhD in Leipzig forty years earlier, and who, at the time of his appointment, was head of the History Department at the University of Chicago, initially hoped that Germany's new Nazi government would grow more moderate, including in its persecution of the Jews. [2]
During World War II, the proportion of African American men employed in manufacturing positions rose significantly. [344] In response to Roosevelt's policies, African Americans increasingly defected from the Republican Party during the 1930s and 1940s, becoming an important Democratic voting bloc in several Northern states. [342]
1937–1938: Hans-Heinrich Dieckhoff, recalled November 18, 1938 in response to worsening relations with the U.S. due to Kristallnacht (November 9), and the U.S. recall of its Ambassador (November 15). 1938–1941: Hans Thomsen, Chargé d'Affaires; Diplomatic relations broken off due to World War II (December 11, 1941 – September 22, 1949)
John Russell Countryman was born in Brooklyn, New York, on January 25, 1933. [2] His father, Russell Countryman, worked for Associated Press as a photography and art editor; his mother was a Czech immigrant. [2] [3] He was named for John Budd Long, general manager of the California Newspaper Publishers Association. [3] [4] He had one sister. [2]
George Strausser Messersmith (October 3, 1883 – January 29, 1960) was a United States ambassador to Austria, Cuba, Mexico, and Argentina. Messersmith also served as head of the consulate in Germany from 1930 to 1934, during the rise of the Nazi Party. [2]