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  2. Gilbert's syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert's_syndrome

    The level of total bilirubin is often further increased if the blood sample is taken after fasting for two days, [40] and a fast can, therefore, be useful diagnostically. A further conceptual step that is rarely necessary or appropriate is to give a low dose of phenobarbital: [41] the bilirubin will decrease substantially.

  3. Liver function tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_function_tests

    In Dubin–Johnson syndrome, a mutation in multiple drug-resistance protein 2 (MRP2) causes a rise in conjugated bilirubin. [6] In acute appendicitis, total bilirubin can rise from 20.52 μmol/L to 143 μmol/L. In pregnant women, the total bilirubin level is low in all three trimesters. [6]

  4. Hypoalbuminemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoalbuminemia

    Hypoalbuminemia (or hypoalbuminaemia) is a medical sign in which the level of albumin in the blood is low. [1] This can be due to decreased production in the liver, increased loss in the gastrointestinal tract or kidneys, increased use in the body, or abnormal distribution between body compartments.

  5. Bilirubin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilirubin

    Total bilirubin assays work by using surfactants and accelerators (like caffeine) to bring all of the different bilirubin forms into solution where they can react with assay reagents. Total and direct bilirubin levels can be measured from the blood, but indirect bilirubin is calculated from the total and direct bilirubin. [citation needed]

  6. Acute liver failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_liver_failure

    Common causes for acute liver failure are paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, idiosyncratic reaction to medication (e.g. tetracycline, troglitazone), excessive alcohol consumption (severe alcoholic hepatitis), viral hepatitis (hepatitis A or B—it is extremely uncommon in hepatitis C), acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and idiopathic (without ...

  7. Hypoproteinemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoproteinemia

    Hypoproteinemia is a condition where there is an abnormally low level of protein in the blood. There are several causes that all result in edema once serum protein levels fall below a certain threshold.

  8. Primary biliary cholangitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_biliary_cholangitis

    Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver. [1] [2] [3] It results from a slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, causing bile and other toxins to build up in the liver, a condition called cholestasis.

  9. Dubin–Johnson syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubin–Johnson_syndrome

    Classically, the condition causes a black liver due to the deposition of a pigment similar to melanin. [2] This condition is associated with a defect in the ability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into the bile, and is similar to Rotor syndrome. It is usually asymptomatic, but may be diagnosed in early infancy based on laboratory ...

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