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Vacuum distillation or distillation under reduced pressure is a type of distillation performed under reduced pressure, which allows the purification of compounds not readily distilled at ambient pressures or simply to save time or energy. This technique separates compounds based on differences in their boiling points.
Vacuum distillation unit: Further distills the residue oil from the bottom of the crude oil distillation unit. The vacuum distillation is performed at a pressure well below atmospheric pressure. Naphtha hydrotreater unit: Uses hydrogen to desulfurize the naphtha fraction from the crude oil distillation or other units within the refinery.
A coker or coker unit is an oil refinery processing unit that converts the residual oil from the vacuum distillation column into low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, light and heavy gas oils, and petroleum coke.
Atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oils are the main primary separation processes producing various straight run products, e.g., gasoline to lube oils/vacuum gas oils. Distillation of crude oil is typically performed first [1] under atmospheric pressure and then under a vacuum. Low boiling fractions usually vaporize below 400°C at ...
Residual oil from the vacuum distillation unit (sometimes including high-boiling oils from other sources within the refinery) is pumped into the bottom of the distillation column called the main fractionator. From there, it is pumped, along with some injected steam, into the fuel-fired furnace and heated to its thermal cracking temperature of ...
The Efficient Refining (EFRA) project, completed in 2019, entailed a 350,000 tonnes per annum DCU, an 18,000 tonnes per day coker naphtha hydrotreating unit, a 2,280 tonnes per day High Vacuum Distillation Unit (HVDU), and a 24,000 normal cubic metres per hour (Nm 3 /hr) hydrogen generation unit. The project included a liquefied petroleum gas ...
Prior to World War II in the early 1940s, most petroleum refineries in the United States consisted simply of crude oil distillation units (often referred to as atmospheric crude oil distillation units). Some refineries also had vacuum distillation units as well as thermal cracking units such as visbreakers (viscosity breakers, units to lower ...
Three tall distillation columns of the orthoxylene unit, part of the aromatics plant, were constructed in 1962. [16] By 1964 the capacity of the refinery had increased to 9.5 million tonnes per year; [ 17 ] it was the second largest refinery in the UK, second only to Fawley (11,500 tonnes per year).